نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
In addition to the numerous scholarly works that have been written and continue to be written about William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, many stage performances and literary, theatrical, and cinematic adaptations of this work have also been produced and continue to be made. A few of these adaptations and performances present alternative versions of the play and the bloody fate of this Renaissance prince. One of these works is Hamletmachine by Heiner Müller, in which an actor who once played Hamlet—who "used to rant at the waves with his back to the ruins of Europe"—refuses to continue in the role and instead, as a rebellious and confrontational artist, offers a pragmatic reinterpretation of the character. This pragmatism represents one of the "alternative possible worlds" in contrast to Shakespeare’s text, which is considered the "real world." In fact, Hamletmachine emerges from a highly nuanced reading and understanding of Hamlet, as well as other Shakespearean plays such as Richard III and Macbeth, alongside critical studies on Hamlet. Notably, Müller’s radical and audacious depiction of Hamlet bears significant resemblance to Richard III. The play presents several alternative possible worlds to that of Hamlet, envisioning scenarios in which Hamlet is not an ambiguous, introspective, and hesitant prince but rather a direct, extroverted, and action-oriented figure who takes decisive steps. The theory of possible worlds is a crucial concept within the broader framework of textual worlds in cognitive poetics. This article, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing upon library sources, examines Hamletmachine through the lens of textual world theory and the theory of possible worlds. The study demonstrates that the world represented in this play is largely unrealizable, as it is constructed upon paradoxical elements. From this perspective, despite Hamlet’s pragmatism, the play still presents a tragic condition. Indeed, given the rebellious tendencies of today's generation, it is hardly surprising that a Danish prince in the present era might rise up against his usurping uncle, especially when compared to his Renaissance counterpart in the Victorian age. This notion is evident across a wide range of works, such as Phaedra’s Love by Sarah Kane and The Day of Death in the Story of Hamlet by Bernard-Marie Koltès. However, at the end, we will ultimately become what Fortinbras beheld in the court of Denmark.
کلیدواژهها English