All My Sons, written by Arthur Miller, is an anti-war play that critically reflects the way of life in a capitalist society and the terrible consequences of it. In this play, Arthur Miller deals with the contradictions in the system based on the liberal economy in the American society, which on one hand claims individual freedom and taking benefits from opportunities it may suggest, on the other hand, large majority of people have to pay a heavy price. It leads to the collapse of the society and the family institution as the main core of the it. This contradiction originates from the ideological point of view that the capitalist society, according to Miller, carries and injects it into various elements of the society. In addition to the critical view of Arthur Miller as a playwright, the present research relies on the opinions and thoughts of Louis Althusser, who believes that ideology floats between layers of the social formations of a society here a capitalist one, including government institutions, public arena, culture and family. In this article, the aim is to analyze the Miller’s play from Althusser's point of view and address the basic question of how ideological mechanism could work by interpellating the characters of the play, addressing them and defining them as "subjects". It affects people's relationships and determines and directs their social and individual actions. In this way, the aim of this article is to analyze the main characters of the play All My Sons in the ideological mechanism of capitalist society. In this research, the analytical and descriptive method has been used to investigate the characters or subjects of the play and the interpretation of their actions based on the ideological structures of American capitalist society, Revealing the gap and conflict between "ideological promises" and "subject position".